Split Conjunctions

Split conjunction adalah kata penghubung yang terpisah oleh adjectiv,adverb,noun atau         pronoun . Yang termasuk split conjunctive antara lain adalah :

so + adjective/adverb + that : sangat –sehingga

1. The bus is so  big that it can hold many passengers ( Bus itu sangat besar sehingga mampu menampung banyak penumpang)
2. He walked so slowly that he arrieved late( ia berjalan sangat lambat sehingga ia terlambat)
3. He tan so fast that he got there in short time.(Ia berlari sangat cepat sehingga ia tiba di sana dengan waktu yang sanagt singkat)

Such + noun + that : sangat-sehingga

1. It such a big bus that it can hold many passenger(Bust itu sangat besar sehingga mampu menampung banyak penumpang)
2. He is such a fast runner that he got there in a short time(Ia berjalan sangat lamabr seingga ia terlamabat)
3. They are such clever students that they can do the exam easliy( meraka adalah siswa yang panadai sehingga mereka bisa mngerjakan ujian dengan mudah)

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Conjunctive Part II

Lanjutan sebelumnya  : Coordinate & Sub-ordinate Conjunctions

Conjuctive berikutnya adalah :

3. Correlative conjunctions (kata penghubung perpasangan)

a. Both____and (keduanya)

• Adit is cute. Sakti is cute.------ Both Adit and Sakti are cute
• I met Ica . I Met rizky. ------------I met Ica and Rizky
• They gave me both flowers . They gave me  chocolate ----------They gave me both flowers and chocolate

Catatan : Both___and  selalu jamak. Jika menggabungkan subjeck maka kata kerja yang dipakai adalah kata kerja jamak : are/ were/have/V1

b. Not only_____but also (tak hanya______tetapi juga)

• Adit is cute . Adit is cool. Adit is not only cute but also cool
• Dina met Gugun. Dini met Gugun. Not only Dina but also Dini meet Gugun
• They wanted to go home. They wannted to take a rest. They wanted not only to go home but also to take a rest

c. Either …or…(….atau…)

• We can come either this weeked or next
• Either the children or the mother was given a gift
• You can choose either red, yellow , or blue
• Either Bill or I will take it

d. Neither …nor ( baik..maupun ..tidak )

• Tintin is not my classmate. Slamet is not my classmate. Neither Tintin nor Slamet is my classmate
• The teacher is not present. The student are not present. neither the teacher nor the students are present.
• I don’t like ice cream. I don’t like ice juice. I like neither ice cream nor ice juice

Catatan :

Jika either…or/neither…nor menggabungkan subjek, maka kata kerja disesuaikan dengan subjeck steleh or/nor ( look c2 dan d2

Neither ..nor hanya digunakan untuk kalimat negativ

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Coordinate & Sub-ordinate Conjunctions

Conjunctions berarti kata hubung. Jenisnya adalah :

1. Coordinate conjunctions

Kata hubung ini menggabungkan unit structure yang sa,a secara grammatical , misalnya noun dengan noun, verb dengan verb, adjective dengan adjective, clause dengan clause dll. Dibawah ini contoh coordinate conjunction : and, but, yet , or and so

Ketika coordinate conmjuction diguanakna , terbentuklah gabungan unit struktur yang sama secara gramatikal dalam satu kalimat. Bentuk gabungan unit struktur tersebut juga disebut Parallel structure. Contoh unit struktur yang digabungkan dengan coordinate conjunction :

Single word

• The girl is beautiful bit stupid (adjective dengan adjective)
• The thieft moved quickly and quietly ( adv dengan adv )
• You can watch TV or cinema ( noun and noun)

Phrases

• You can come before two o'clock or after five (prepositional phrases)
• After eating dinner and taking a long nap, he felt much better (verbal phrases)

Clauses

• You must study hard , or you will fail in the exam
• I’ll pick you up at eight and I’ll get you back home by midnight

2. Sub-ordinate conjunctions

a. Though/although/even though (walaupu)

• Though he was sick, he went to school
• Although he was tired , he didn’t take a rest

b. Because/Since/ As /For

• Because she got a good mark, she was very happy
• Since it was raining, they didn’t go out
• Tom didn’t pass the exam as he didn’t study

c. If/In case/ Providing/ Provided (jika)

• I will come to the party if he invites me
• I will buy a car in case I have enough money
• I will go there provided I have enough time

d. When /while (ketika)

• Antown was cryingwhen his girl friend came
• nanda left her house while her mother was cooking
• While I was wlaking down the street, I found a ring

e. Where (dimana)

• I don’t know where the place is
• Where he has gone is still a question

f. Before (sebelum)

• Before  he took a bath, he had already had breakfast
• We wash our hand before we have meals
• The students pray before they begin the lesson

g. After (setelah)

• After she has breakfast , she goes to school
• He had cried after he had read the letter
• We have meals after we wash our hands.

Baca selanjutnya  Conjuctions : Correlative Conjunctions (kata hubung berpasangan) dan Split Conjunction

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Indefinite Pronoun

Kata ganti tak tentu dipakai untuk menunjukkan pada orang, benda atau suatu jumlah yang tak tentu ataupun belum diketahui identitasnya

1. Kata ganti tak tentu orang(persons)

• somebody/someone / anyone /anybody : seseorang
• everyone/ everybody : setiap orang
• noone/ nobody : tak seorangpun

2. Indefinite things

• something /anything : sesuatu
• everything : segala sesuatu
• nothing : tak satupun

3. Indefinite quantities

• all/ all of : semua
• another : yang lain
• any : beberapa
• both/ both of : keduanya
• each/each of : masing masing
• none/none of : tak satupun
• one/one of : salah satu

Note :

1. Somebody/someone/something digunakan dalam kalimat positif.
2. Anyone /anybody/thing digunakan di kalimat negatif dan kalimat tanya
3. Verb untuk indefinite pronoun tersebut di atas kecuali both adalah singular verb yaitu : is , V+es (simple present tense, has + v3 (present perfect tense) and was (simple pas tense) contohnya : Everything is okay; Everyone needs drink; Someone has taken my pencil;Nobody was here last night
4. Verb untuk both adalah plural verb, yaitu : are, V1(Simple present), have +V3(present tense) and were (simple past tense) : Both af the girls are my classmates.
5. All/ all of menggunakan singular verb jika diikuti uncoutable noun dan plural verb jika diikuti countable noun. Contoh : All of his money is in the bank;all of the students here are helpful
6. Indefinite pronoun di atas kadangkala digabung dengan adjective modifiers , misalnya dengan –else. Contoh : Somebody/one else : orang lain; something else : sesuatu yang lain

Kata Ganti  : (Relative, Reciprocal, dan Demonstrative)
Kata Ganti  : (Personal/ Possessive/Reflexive)
Demikian kata ganti yang dibahas dalam halaman ini

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